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PHSimple Harmonic Motion (SHM) can be explained as the projection of uniform circular motion on a straight line.
When a particle moves in a circle with constant speed, its shadow on a fixed diameter moves back and forth along that line. This to-and-fro motion is exactly Simple Harmonic Motion.
The shadow reaches maximum displacement at the ends, comes to rest momentarily, and then reverses direction—just like an oscillating particle in SHM.
Although the circular motion has constant speed, the shadow’s speed changes continuously, being maximum at the center and zero at the extreme positions.
This experiment clearly demonstrates why SHM is called the “shadow of uniform circular motion” and helps in understanding displacement, velocity, acceleration, and phase in oscillatory motion.
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