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Women, on average, live longer than men across most parts of the world, and researchers believe it comes down to a combination of biology, lifestyle, and social factors. One biological advantage is linked to genetics: women have two X chromosomes, which may offer extra protection against certain diseases, while men have one X and one Y chromosome. Hormonal differences also play a role. Estrogen in women is thought to provide protective effects on the heart and blood vessels, especially before menopause, while testosterone in men has been associated with riskier behavior and higher vulnerability to certain health problems.
Lifestyle and behavior further shape the gap. Studies show that men are more likely to smoke, drink heavily, and engage in dangerous activities, which increases their risk of accidents and chronic illnesses. Men are also statistically less likely to seek medical help early, sometimes waiting until health problems become serious. Socially, women tend to build stronger support networks and may cope with stress in healthier ways, which can influence long-term health. Together, these factors create a noticeable difference in life expectancy, with women outliving men in most populations.
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