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ALDynamic Stiffness — Why “k” is not a number
In many NVH discussions, we often state:
“Mount stiffness = 1000 N/mm.”
This assumption is valid only in static or very low-frequency conditions. However, real systems do not operate in static conditions.
🔹 The reality: stiffness depends on frequency.
In dynamic conditions, stiffness is complex and frequency-dependent:
k(ω) = k′(ω) + j·k″(ω)
Where:
k′(ω) → storage stiffness (in-phase component)
k″(ω) → loss stiffness (out-of-phase component)
🔹 What does this physically mean?
- Storage (k′): behaves like a spring → stores energy
- Loss (k″): behaves like damping → dissipates energy
This leads to the conclusion that:
Force and displacement are NOT in phase.
This phase difference is not just a mathematical concept; it represents energy loss within the system.
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