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THThe last public speech of Prophet Muhammad was delivered during his final pilgrimage in the year 10 AH at Arafat on the ninth day of Dhu al Hijjah. This sermon is authentically reported in multiple sound narrations and is known as the Farewell Sermon.
In this address he declared the sanctity of human life property and honor. He abolished pre Islamic practices of usury and blood revenge beginning with cases from his own family. He emphasized good treatment of women and clarified mutual marital rights. He taught that all humans are equal regardless of race or ethnicity and that superiority is only through righteousness. He instructed Muslims to hold firmly to the Quran and his Sunnah and asked those present to convey his message to others. He concluded by asking the people to testify that he had delivered the message and invoked God as witness.
Soon after this sermon the Quranic verse announcing the completion of the religion was revealed which scholars understand as confirmation that this was his final comprehensive public address.
Authentic references include Sahih al Bukhari in the Book of Hajj Sahih Muslim in the Book of Hajj Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Sunan al Tirmidhi all of which contain sound narrations of this sermon.
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