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LAArticle 31 originally guaranteed the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right under the Constitution of India. It required the State to provide compensation if private property was acquired for public purposes.
Under this provision, the State could not take away private property in an arbitrary manner, and compensation was mandatory when property was acquired.
However, this right created conflicts during land reforms, especially when large landowners challenged laws like land ceiling and zamindari abolition in courts.
To deal with these issues, several amendments were introduced, including Articles 31A, 31B, and 31C, which protected certain social and economic reform laws from being challenged for violating Fundamental Rights.
Due to continuous legal disputes, Article 31 was eventually removed by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978.
After this amendment, the Right to Property was no longer a Fundamental Right. It was replaced by Article 300A, which made it a legal or constitutional right.
Article 300A states that no person shall be deprived of their property except by authority of law.
In simple terms, before 1978, the Right to Property was a Fundamental Right, but after the 44th Amendment, it became only a legal right.
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