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#Phytosaurs Reel by @fossilcrates - Those teeth! This awesome Pseudopalatus #phytosaur skull is on display at the Museum of Northern Arizona. #Phytosaurs superficially resemble #crocodi
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@fossilcrates
Those teeth! This awesome Pseudopalatus #phytosaur skull is on display at the Museum of Northern Arizona. #Phytosaurs superficially resemble #crocodiles in skull and body. However, I’d say this skull is more intimidating than most (all?) extant #crocs, those teeth are savage! One rarely (ever?) finds complete, articulated postcranial remains, even of Triassic, aquatic loving, phytosaurs. The longest of the Machaeroprosopus group (more on that in a bit) hit 16’ or so, rivaling the longest gators and approaching the longest extant crocodiles. This numbers are based on some reasonable assumptions and guesses based on partial skeletons. They are arguably more heavily armored than crocs today. They are not closely related to crocs, instead are a wonderful example of evolutionary convergence. The label says #Pseudopalatus mccauleyi. Not knowing of this genus, I promptly looked up the paper that named it. It is named from a neat Arizona skull. However, It appears Pseudopalatus is now a junior synonym of #Machaeroprosopus. Thus “False Palate” becomes “Sword Face” thanks to a tortured genus nomenclature history better left for another day… I like the name Pseudopalatus, I always struggle saying Mack-air-oh-pro-soap-us (I hope that is correct). The only animal that comes to mind ending in -prosopus is #Syntomiprosopus “short face,” also from Arizona. That paper has some really neat graphics in it! I have an ICZN species question. The etymology says, “This species in [sic] named after John D. McCauley and Mrs. Molly McCauley McLean...” AFAIK, when one names something after multiple people with the same last name it gets an -orum, like Diplodocus hallorum, which was originally named halli, but twas stated it was named after the Hall family, so twas later changed to a plural ending. Is it because Molly’s name ends in McLean (the paper didn’t show a hyphen but but was there?) that the name retains the singular “i” at the end? They are co-owners of the property, but are they married or siblings? It is an interesting scenario ending-wise, what does the ICZN do in hyphenated last name scenarios? #FossilFriday #FossilCrates
#Phytosaurs Reel by @fossilcrates - Nosin' Around! This is the closest I have been to #Angistorhinus. It is on display at the amazing St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm
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FO
@fossilcrates
Nosin’ Around! This is the closest I have been to #Angistorhinus. It is on display at the amazing St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm in Utah. I am rapidly becoming enamored with these amazing critters. Their skulls are gorgeous! When I think Wyoming, I think Jurassic (#sauropod #dinosaurs of course :-)). I certainly don’t think of the Triassic. Those few times I do think about the Triassic I think of Arizona’s Petrified Forest. Yet Williston collected material from the Popo Agie River (and Formation) that Maurice Mehl named in 1913 as Anghistorhinus grandis. Alas, no etymology is provided, my best guess is the name means “narrow snout,” based on its tweezer-like front end. The species name refers to its huge size, at over 24’ long, it is larger than any living #crocodile. Check out that nose, right above and slightly in front of the eyes. I suppose that keeps the nose safe from struggling prey. As a #Phytosaur, it is an example of convergent evolution, that long teeth-ladened snout is superficially similar to gharials of today, but it isn’t related to them at all other than being #reptiles. The teeth suggest it ate mostly fish, but at its size, it could have munched on anything living at the time, around 225 mya, one of the oldest of the #phytosaurs. I was surprised when Mehl wrote, “Another specimen of Angistorhinus is represented by a skull, the mandible, and apparently a nearly complete skeleton.” Nearly complete skeleton??? The A. grandis holotype had a few postcranial elements possibly belonging with the skull. Why didn’t he describe the other one? And what became of it? He even felt it was a new species of Angisto. My guess? It wasn’t as big, and the *est always wins out (longest, tallest, oldest, etc.est :-)). I love reading these 100+ year-old papers as they are literally sorting the beasts out “in real time.” In this case, Mehl was able to change a character ascribed to all of #Phytosauria at the time, as this specimen ruined McGregor’s “parieto-squamosal arcade greatly reduced and depressed” by having it “well developed behind the posterior dorsal surface of the skull.” #FossilCrates
#Phytosaurs Reel by @onyxconoutdoors - ♻️👑🌟😎‼️👏🏽• @fossilcrates Those teeth! This awesome Pseudopalatus #phytosaur skull is on display at the Museum of Northern Arizona. #Phytosaurs s
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@onyxconoutdoors
♻️👑🌟😎‼️👏🏽• @fossilcrates Those teeth! This awesome Pseudopalatus #phytosaur skull is on display at the Museum of Northern Arizona. #Phytosaurs superficially resemble #crocodiles in skull and body. However, I’d say this skull is more intimidating than most (all?) extant #crocs, those teeth are savage! One rarely (ever?) finds complete, articulated postcranial remains, even of Triassic, aquatic loving, phytosaurs. The longest of the Machaeroprosopus group (more on that in a bit) hit 16’ or so, rivaling the longest gators and approaching the longest extant crocodiles. This numbers are based on some reasonable assumptions and guesses based on partial skeletons. They are arguably more heavily armored than crocs today. They are not closely related to crocs, instead are a wonderful example of evolutionary convergence. The label says #Pseudopalatus mccauleyi. Not knowing of this genus, I promptly looked up the paper that named it. It is named from a neat Arizona skull. However, It appears Pseudopalatus is now a junior synonym of #Machaeroprosopus. Thus “False Palate” becomes “Sword Face” thanks to a tortured genus nomenclature history better left for another day… I like the name Pseudopalatus, I always struggle saying Mack-air-oh-pro-soap-us (I hope that is correct). The only animal that comes to mind ending in -prosopus is #Syntomiprosopus “short face,” also from Arizona. That paper has some really neat graphics in it! I have an ICZN species question. The etymology says, “This species in [sic] named after John D. McCauley and Mrs. Molly McCauley McLean...” AFAIK, when one names something after multiple people with the same last name it gets an -orum, like Diplodocus hallorum, which was originally named halli, but twas stated it was named after the Hall family, so twas later changed to a plural ending. Is it because Molly’s name ends in McLean (the paper didn’t show a hyphen but but was there?) that the name retains the singular “i” at the end? They are co-owners of the property, but are they married or siblings? It is an interesting scenario ending-wise, what does the ICZN do in hyphenated last name scenarios? #FossilFriday #FossilCrates
#Phytosaurs Reel by @fossilera - Triassic Talk with Aamon! 🦖🔥 Aamon Jaeger of Northwest Montana Fossils breaks down some incredible Triassic fossils from their personal ranch in no
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@fossilera
Triassic Talk with Aamon! 🦖🔥 Aamon Jaeger of Northwest Montana Fossils breaks down some incredible Triassic fossils from their personal ranch in northern Arizona. 🦖 Phytosaur Scute & Tooth – Phytosaurs were massive, 20ft-long crocodile-like predators with serrated teeth. This scute (armor plating) and tooth were found together, a rare glimpse into Triassic life. 🦕 Aetosaur Scute – Aetosaurs were herbivores that looked like spiked, armor-plated armadillos. This piece features a carnivore and herbivore side by side, still locked in matrix from an ancient river channel. The Triassic was a wild time—what’s your favorite fossil from this lineup? Drop a comment! ⬇️ #triassictalk #phytosaur #aetosaur #triassicfossils #fossilhunting #prehistoriclife #paleontology #fossilcollector #fossilera #scienceandarts
#Phytosaurs Reel by @smileys.rock.shop - ⛏️🦖TRIASSIC TREASURE🦖⛏️ UPDATE: Our initial identification of this find was incorrect, and in actuality this fossil likely belonged to a large pred
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@smileys.rock.shop
⛏️🦖TRIASSIC TREASURE🦖⛏️ UPDATE: Our initial identification of this find was incorrect, and in actuality this fossil likely belonged to a large predatory animal called a Phytosaur! So ignore the Metoposaur label, this is actually a Phytosaur! Still learning how to identify species in the Chinle Formation. Phytosaurs were a diverse group in the Triassic, and resembled Crocodiles in their body shape. These however were not crocodiles, dinosaurs, or even archosaurs. Phytosaurs were their own independent group of Triassic reptiles. They had long, streamlined heads and mouths full of sharp serrated teeth. Stay tuned for further discoveries! This was only the beginning. All fossils in these videos were collected in Arizona on private land. #smileysrockshop #phytosaur #fossil #fossils #paleo #paleontology #fossiladdict #fossilhunting #mining #minerals #crystals #quartz #gems #rockshop #quartzcrystal #digging #arizona #chinleformation #rocks #rockhound #nature #prehistoric #prehistoricanimals
#Phytosaurs Reel by @chasthedinosaur - Phytosaurs may look like crocodilians, but they are not crocodilians themselves and only evolved a similar body plan to a crocodilian to be a semi-aqu
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@chasthedinosaur
Phytosaurs may look like crocodilians, but they are not crocodilians themselves and only evolved a similar body plan to a crocodilian to be a semi-aquatic ambush predator. This an example of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is the process where unrelated species independently evolve similar traits or features due to adapting to similar environments or ecological niches, resulting in analogous structures.
#Phytosaurs Reel by @deinonychusfloof - Come with me to the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science! Just a few little clips from the main museum and a totally normal ending. . . .
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@deinonychusfloof
Come with me to the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science! Just a few little clips from the main museum and a totally normal ending. . . . . . . . #Phytosaurs #paleontologist #palaeontology #palaeontologist #paleontology #fossils #museummonday #myface #triassic #mesozoic #jurassic #cretaceous #cenozoic #museum #naturalhistorymuseum #naturalhistory
#Phytosaurs Reel by @danish_dragons - HELODERMA HORRIDUM "SNOWFLAKE" MALE 🐊🐊🦖🦖🦖Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms
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@danish_dragons
HELODERMA HORRIDUM “SNOWFLAKE” MALE 🐊🐊🦖🦖🦖Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amphibians), various groups of dinosaurs (most notably ankylosaurs and stegosaurians), phytosaurs, aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities). 🦖🦖 #reptile #reptiles #reptilesofinstagram #snake #lizard #reptilelover #snakes #snakesofinstagram #gecko #animals #pet #nature #lizardsofinstagram #lizards #pets #exoticpets #reptilekeeper #petsofinstagram #animal #ballpython #wildlife #beardeddragon #python #leopardgecko #geckosofinstagram #geckos #reptilelove #herpetology #reptilephotography #turtle @danish_dragons @freshprinceofrisskov
#Phytosaurs Reel by @dinosaurfossilcollector - #Rutiodon tooth Dockum Group, Tecovas Formation Late Triassic (~225 million years ago) #Texas Panhandle, USA Received this awesome tooth yesterday. I
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@dinosaurfossilcollector
#Rutiodon tooth Dockum Group, Tecovas Formation Late Triassic (~225 million years ago) #Texas Panhandle, USA Received this awesome tooth yesterday. It belongs to a large semiaquatic predator known as Rutiodon, a member of the crocodile-like reptiles called Phytosauria. My first #phytosaur tooth! At first glance phytosaurs look almost identical to modern crocodilians, but they were actually a separate and more ancient branch of archosaurs. One of the easiest ways to tell them apart is the position of the nostrils. In phytosaurs the nostrils sit high on the skull near the eyes rather than at the tip of the snout. This adaptation likely helped them breathe while most of the head remained submerged, similar to how crocodiles behave today. The tooth shown here is broad and slightly conical with fine serrations running along the edges. Those serrations would have helped slice into flesh once prey was seized. Phytosaurs had jaws lined with many of these teeth, some larger & more robust for gripping struggling prey. Their diet probably included fish, amphibians & smaller reptiles that lived along Triassic rivers and floodplains. This specimen comes from the Tecovas Formation of the Texas Panhandle, part of the larger Dockum Group. During the Late Triassic this region was a network of rivers, lakes & seasonal floodplains in a warm monsoonal climate. The ecosystem supported an impressive variety of animals including early dinosaurs, large amphibians, aetosaurs, rauisuchians & several species of phytosaurs. Rutiodon itself could reach around 7 to 9 meters in length, making it one of the dominant predators in these waterways. Like modern crocodiles, it probably spent much of its time waiting motionless in shallow water before launching a sudden ambush on anything unlucky enough to approach the shoreline. Although only a single tooth, fossils like this provide a direct connection to a world more than 200 million years old, when reptilian predators ruled the waterways long before crocodiles evolved into the forms we recognise today. #fossils #triassic
#Phytosaurs Reel by @biosomnium - Smilosuchus was a genus of semi-aquatic predatory reptile that lived alongside (and likely ate) early dinosaurs and dinosaur relatives in the Late Tri
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@biosomnium
Smilosuchus was a genus of semi-aquatic predatory reptile that lived alongside (and likely ate) early dinosaurs and dinosaur relatives in the Late Triassic Period. Although it looks much like a crocodile, they are in fact phytosaurs, distant relatives that evolved along similar lines. Smilosuchus (chisel crocodile) is named for the long front teeth that may have been used to grab unsuspecting prey. #paleontology #paleoart #paleoartist #notadinosaur #phytosaur #smilosuchus #drawingprocess
#Phytosaurs Reel by @texasthroughtime - ⭐️Another great #fossilfriday post with Museum Ambassador @obrightnoah on Phytosaurs! 🐊 #phytosaur ##phytosauridae #prehistoricanimals #triassicpark
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@texasthroughtime
⭐️Another great #fossilfriday post with Museum Ambassador @obrightnoah on Phytosaurs! 🐊 #phytosaur ##phytosauridae #prehistoricanimals #triassicpark #triassic #friday #fossils #texasfossils #paleontology #paleontologymuseum #paleontologist #learnonig #stemeducation #science #dinosaurmuseum #museum #texasthroughtime #hillsborotx
#Phytosaurs Reel by @fossilcrates - Convergent evolution! The red arrow = nostrils in front of eyes. Phytosaurs look like crocs w/ sprawled limbs, armored bodies, y occupied the same
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@fossilcrates
Convergent evolution! The red arrow = nostrils in front of eyes. Phytosaurs look like crocs w/ sprawled limbs, armored bodies, y occupied the same ecological niche of gharials. That niche results in a long snout, low sprawl (ex.#champsosaurs #choristoderes). Convergent evolution is independent evolution of analogous structures, similar in function but do not share a common evolutionary origin (vs homologous, which have a common origin but can differ in function) evolving separately due to similar selection pressures, rather than being inherited from a common ancestor. Different species independently develop similar traits or adaptations when exposed to similar ecological conditions or challenges. Hydrodynamic body shapes (sharks, dolphins, ichthyosaurs), leglesslness: #snakes, #caecilians, #legless lizards (Google the latter two be amazed!), penguins and auks, vultures (old vs new world), hedgehogs and echidnas, vertebrate flight, echolocation... Amazing! Phytosaur means “plant lizard” but they were far from plant-eaters, so how in the world did someone think an animal loaded with sharp teeth ate plants? Jaeger 1828 (https://bit.ly/3zFaX02 wrote, “...the teeth of #Iguanodon, who is more closely related to the #Cyllndricodon [BC-a species of Phytosaurus]...” Check out Tab. VI. (~pg 69 in Acrobat) to see he was working with *mud plugs” as the teeth had fallen out of the sockets and were replaced with sediment, making them appear dull teeth and herbivorous. We find skulls “dull teeth”ed phytosaurs but we have lots that have their teeth, and they are sharp (like this one!). The dangers of N=1. My favorite part of his paper (and why I read the original papers :-)), is that he *did* have sharp teeth at the tip of the jaw and wrote, “...the pointed teeth of the upper jaw could have been poisonous teeth, there the trace of a canal and an opening appear”. Poisonous teeth? I love the early papers! #Leptosuchus? #Redondosaurus? #Machaeroprosopus? #Pseudopalatus? The list is long y phytosaurs let us know what zone we are in in the #Triassic of southwestern US. This skull is at the Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum in Canyon, Texas #PPHM #FossilCrates.

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