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BIOne of the most fascinating process in biology.
DNA replication is the biological process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division. It's essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in all living organisms.
Key Steps in DNA Replication
1. Initiation
- Begins at specific sites called origins of replication.
- Helicase enzyme unwinds the double helix, forming a replication bubble with two replication forks.
- Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) stabilize the unwound strands.
2. Primer Synthesis
- Primase lays down short RNA primers on each strand to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.
3. Elongation
- DNA polymerase III adds new nucleotides.
- One strand (the leading strand) is synthesized continuously.
- The other (the lagging strand) is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined by DNA ligase.
4. Termination
- Once the entire DNA molecule is copied, enzymes remove the RNA primers and replace them with DNA.
- DNA ligase seals any gaps, completing the replication process.
📹 by yourgenome (yt)
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Direction of replication is...
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