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TEMid-air refueling, also called aerial refueling or air-to-air refueling, is the process of transferring fuel from one aircraft to another while both are flying. This allows military aircraft to stay airborne longer, fly farther, and carry heavier payloads without needing to land. During the operation, the receiving aircraft carefully flies in close formation behind the tanker aircraft at a steady speed and altitude. Highly trained pilots and boom operators coordinate precisely, as even small movements can affect the connection and fuel flow.
There are two main refueling systems used. The first is the probe-and-drogue system, where the tanker deploys a flexible hose with a basket-shaped device called a drogue. The receiving aircraft extends a probe and inserts it into the drogue to receive fuel. The second is the flying boom system, which uses a rigid, telescoping tube called a boom that is controlled by an operator on the tanker aircraft. The aircraft carrying and supplying the fuel is known as a tanker aircraft, with common examples including the KC-135 Stratotanker, KC-46 Pegasus, and A330 MRTT.
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