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PHAnatomy
The human head anatomy is composed of the skull (cranium and facial bones), brain, sensory organs, and surrounding soft tissues. The skull consists of 22+ bones protecting the brain and supporting the face, anchored by the mandible (lower jaw). Key regions include the forehead, orbital (eye) cavities, nasal, zygomatic (cheek), and oral structures, covered by muscles and skin.
I. Cranium (Braincase - 8 Bones)
Frontal bone: Forms the forehead and top of the eye sockets.
Parietal bones (2): Form the upper lateral sides of the skull.
Temporal bones (2): Located at the sides, enclosing the ear region.
Occipital bone: Forms the back and base of the skull.
Sphenoid bone: Sits behind the eyes in the middle of the skull base.
Ethmoid bone: Contributes to the medial wall of the orbit and nasal cavity.
II. Facial Skeleton (Viscerocranium - 14 Bones)
Mandible: The lower jaw; the only mobile bone in the skull.
Maxilla (2): Forms the upper jaw, central face, and floor of the orbits.
Zygomatic bones (2): The cheekbones.
Nasal bones (2): Form the bridge of the nose.
Lacrimal bones (2): Small bones inside the medial wall of the orbit.
Palatine bones (2): Form the posterior hard palate.
Inferior nasal conchae (2): Located inside the nasal cavity.
Vomer: Forms the posterior part of the nasal septum.
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