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Quick LFT trick: AST/ALT = hepatocellular, ALP/GGT = cholestasis, Albumin/PT = liver synthesis 🧠🔥
LFT — Liver Function Tests (MCQ-friendly) 👇
Bilirubin basics 🌟
• Total bilirubin (0.2–1.2 mg/dL) → jaundice (hepatitis/obstruction)
• Direct bilirubin (0–0.3 mg/dL) ↑ → obstructive jaundice, dark urine, pale stools
• Indirect bilirubin (0.2–0.9 mg/dL) ↑ → hemolysis / Gilbert syndrome (no bilirubin in urine)
Transaminases (Cell injury) 🧪
• AST (10–40 U/L) ↑ → hepatitis, alcohol, muscle injury
• AST > ALT → points toward alcoholic liver disease 🍷
• ALT (7–56 U/L) ↑ → more liver-specific, viral hepatitis, fatty liver
Cholestasis enzymes 🚧
• ALP (40–130 U/L) ↑ → cholestasis / biliary obstruction (also bone disease)
• GGT (9–48 U/L) ↑ → confirms liver source of high ALP ✅
• GGT rises with alcohol + cholestasis
Liver synthesis markers 🏭
• Albumin (3.5–5.0 g/dL) ↓ → chronic liver disease (also nephrotic syndrome)
• PT/INR (INR 0.8–1.2) ↑ → early acute liver failure + vitamin K deficiency ⚠️
• PT/INR is the fastest to worsen in acute failure
Total protein 🧾
• Total protein (6.0–8.3 g/dL) ↑ in chronic inflammation
• Low in malnutrition / chronic liver disease
Pattern recognition (Most tested) ✅
• Hepatocellular = AST/ALT dominant
• Cholestatic = ALP/GGT dominant
• Synthetic failure = Albumin/PT abnormal
Mini MCQ hook 🧠
• ALP high + GGT normal → think bone source first ✅
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