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ALBinary search is an efficient algorithm used to find a target value in a sorted array. It works by repeatedly dividing the search range in half.
The algorithm starts by comparing the target with the middle element of the array:
• If they match, the search is complete.
• If the target is smaller, the search continues in the left half.
• If the target is larger, the search continues in the right half.
This process repeats until the value is found or the search range becomes empty.
Key characteristics:
• Requires a sorted collection
• Time complexity: O(log n)
• Space complexity: O(1) for iterative version
• Much faster than linear search for large datasets
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