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PH☢️ Ionization Power — Alpha, Beta, Gamma ⚡
Radiations differ not only in penetration, but also in how strongly they ionize matter.
📚 Ionization Strength (Highest → Lowest):
1️⃣ Alpha (α) — Highest ionization
Heavy, +2 charge, low speed
Strongly disturbs atoms, knocking off electrons easily
Short range — stopped by paper or skin
2️⃣ Beta (β) — Moderate ionization
Fast-moving electrons or positrons
Less mass, single charge
Penetrates more than alpha, but weaker ionizing effect
3️⃣ Gamma (γ) — Lowest ionization
Pure electromagnetic waves, no mass, no charge
Weak at ionizing directly, but very penetrating
Requires thick lead or concrete to stop
💡 Rule: More ionization → less penetration, and vice versa.
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